Abstract
This study examines the impact of corporate culture, strategic orientation, and environmental uncertainty on firm performance, focusing on the moderating role of the Lever of Controls (LoC). Primary data were collected through a survey involving 203 respondents from both listed and unlisted companies in Indonesia on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Firm performance was measured using customer satisfaction, revenue, profit growth, return on investment, and market share. The findings reveal that corporate culture and strategic orientation significantly enhance firm performance. However, environmental uncertainty was found to have no direct impact on business performance. Furthermore, the moderating role of the LoC was not validated, suggesting that the relationship between management control systems and performance is complex and requires further investigation, particularly in uncertain environments. This research provides valuable insights for practitioners, emphasizing that firm performance is strongly influenced by corporate culture, strategic orientation, and effective management of environmental uncertainty.
References
Akram, S., & Siddiqui, D. A. (2019). Impact of Customer, Environment and Company Side Uncertainty and Risk on Logistical Performance: An Analysis on Pakistan Courier Industry. Global Disclosure of Economics and Business, 8(1), 17–32. https://doi.org/10.18034/gdeb.v8i1.95
Al-Ansaari, Y., Bederr, H., & Chen, C. (2015). Strategic orientation and business performance: An empirical study in the UAE context. Management Decision, 53(10), 2287–2302. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-01-2015-0034
Allocca, M. A., & Kessler, E. H. (2006). Innovation Speed in Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises. Creativity and Innovation Management, 15(3), 279–295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2006.00389.x
Arun, K., & Özmutlu, S. Y. (2023). Effects of gender diversity in strategic orientation and strategy execution. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 44(7), 882–906. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-10-2021-0494
Aryani, N. K. Y., Sapta, I. K. S., & Sujana, I. W. (2021). The Influence of Organizational Culture and Competence on Employee Performance Mediated by Organizational Commitments in the Procurement of Goods and Services Secretariat Regency of Karangasem. Asia Pacific Journal of Management and Education, 4(3), 76–86. https://doi.org/10.32535/apjme.v4i3.1270
Balthazard, P. A., Cooke, R. A., & Potter, R. E. (2006). Dysfunctional culture, dysfunctional organization: Capturing the behavioral norms that form organizational culture and drive performance. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(8), 709–732. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610713253
Barros, R. S., & Ferreira, A. M. D. S. da C. (2022). Management Control Systems and Innovation: a levers of control analysis in an innovative company. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 18(4), 571–591. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-09-2020-0137
Bresciani, S., Rehman, S. U., Alam, G. M., Ashfaq, K., & Usman, M. (2023). Environmental MCS package, perceived environmental uncertainty and green performance: in green dynamic capabilities and investment in environmental management perspectives. Review of International Business and Strategy, 33(1), 105–126. https://doi.org/10.1108/RIBS-01-2022-0005
Chatman, J. A., Caldwell, D. F., O’Reilly, C. A., & Doerr, B. (2014). Parsing organizational culture: How the norm for adaptability influences the relationship between culture consensus and financial performance in high-technology firms. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(6), 785–808. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1928
Chaudhary, S., Sangroya, D., Arrigo, E., & Cappiello, G. (2023). The impact of market orientation on small firm performance: a configurational approach. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 18(10), 4154–4169. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-03-2021-0411
Cheng, C. C. J., & Shiu, E. C. (2020). Leveraging open innovation strategies for fueling eco-innovation performance in dynamic environments. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 11(7), 1245–1270. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-04-2018-0103
Chin, W. W. (1998). Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 22(1), vii–xvi.
Cui, A. S., & O’Connor, G. (2012). Alliance portfolio resource diversity and firm innovation. Journal of Marketing, 76(4), 24–43. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.11.0130
Endenich, C., Lachmann, M., Schachel, H., & Zajkowska, J. (2023). The relationship between management control systems and innovativeness in start-ups: evidence for product, business model, and ambidextrous innovation. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 19(5), 706–734. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-06-2022-0087
Fan, L.-P., & Chung, H.-C. (2023). Impact of Environmental Leadership on Environmental Behavior: The Mediating Effects of Green Culture, Environmental Management, and Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility. Sustainability, 15(24), 16549. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152416549
Frare, A. B., Cruz, A. P. C. da, Lavarda, C. E. F., & Akroyd, C. (2022). Packages of management control systems, entrepreneurial orientation and performance in Brazilian startups. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 18(5), 643–665. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-04-2021-0052
Gomez-Conde, J., Lunkes, R. J., & Rosa, F. S. (2019). Environmental innovation practices and operational performance: The joint effects of management accounting and control systems and environmental training. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 32(5), 1325–1357. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-01-2018-3327
Hartnell, C. A., Ou, A. Y., & Kinicki, A. (2011). Organizational Culture and Organizational Effectiveness: A Meta-Analytic Investigation of the Competing Values Framework’s Theoretical Suppositions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(4), 677–694. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021987
Huang, J., Wang, Z., Jiang, Z., & Zhong, Q. (2023). Environmental policy uncertainty and corporate green innovation: evidence from China. European Journal of Innovation Management, 26(6), 1675–1696. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-12-2021-0591
Iqbal, M., Mawardi, M. K., Sanawiri, B., Alfisyahr, R., & Syarifah, I. (2023). Strategic orientation and its role in linking human capital with the performance of small and medium enterprises in Indonesia. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 25(3), 514–542. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRME-11-2021-0150
Khaireddine, H., Lacombe, I., & Jarboui, A. (2024). The trilogy in sustainability of environmental performance, assurance quality and firm value. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 15(2), 482–519. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-07-2022-0352
Khizar, H. M. U., Iqbal, J., Khalid, J., & Hameed, Z. (2024). Unlocking the complementary effects of multiple strategic orientations on firm performance: an interplay of entrepreneurial, sustainability and market orientation. Kybernetes, 53(6), 1939–1957. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-03-2022-0319
Laksana, D. H., Apriliado, S., & Kusmantini, T. (2022). Influence of Market Orientation, Learning Orientation, and Innovation Capabilities and Their Impact on Competitive Advantage and Company Performance. Journal of The Community Development in Asia, 5(2), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.32535/jcda.v5i2.1492
Latan, H., Chiappetta Jabbour, C. J., Lopes de Sousa Jabbour, A. B., Wamba, S. F., & Shahbaz, M. (2018). Effects of environmental strategy, environmental uncertainty and top management’s commitment on corporate environmental performance: The role of environmental management accounting. Journal of Cleaner Production, 180, 297–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.106
Laukkanen, T., Nagy, G., Hirvonen, S., Reijonen, H., & Pasanen, M. (2013). The effect of strategic orientations on business performance in SMEs. International Marketing Review, 30(6), 510–535. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-09-2011-0230
Leithy, W. El. (2017). Organizational Culture and Organizational Performance. International Journal of Economics & Management Sciences, 06(04). https://doi.org/10.4172/2162-6359.1000442
Liang, X., & Gao, Y. (2020). Marketing performance measurement systems and firm performance: Are marketing capabilities the missing links? European Journal of Marketing, 54(4), 885–907. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-05-2018-0302
Liu, X., Wang, W., & Su, Y. (2022). Leveraging Complementary Resources through Relational Capital to Improve Alliance Performance under an Uncertain Environment: A Moderated Mediation Analysis. Sustainability, 15(1), 310. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010310
Martomo, Y. P., Samsi, S., Anafih, E. S., & Sin, L. G. (2022). Empowerment Models of Telaga Madirda Tourism Management to Increase Visitors during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Society, 10(2), 706–722. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v10i2.498
Milliken, F. J. (1987). Three Types of Perceived Uncertainty About the Environment: State, Effect, and Response Uncertainty. Academy of Management Review, 12(1), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1987.4306502
Nuhu, N. A., Baird, K., & Appuhami, R. (2019). The impact of management control systems on organisational change and performance in the public sector. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 15(3), 473–495. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-08-2018-0084
Omri, N. A. E., Neffati, N., & Guenichi, H. (2024). Modeling the relationship between leverage and firm performance: a threshold analysis using the PSTR model. Managerial Finance. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-07-2024-0500
Pešalj, B., Pavlov, A., & Micheli, P. (2018). The use of management control and performance measurement systems in SMEs: A levers of control perspective. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 38(11), 2169–2191. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-09-2016-0565
Pittino, D., & Visintin, F. (2009). Innovation and strategic types of family SMEs: A test and extension of miles and snow’s configurational model. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 17(03), 257–295. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218495809000382
Prajogo, D. I., & McDermott, C. M. (2011). The relationship between multidimensional organizational culture and performance. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 31(7), 712–735. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443571111144823
Quinn, R. E., & Cameron, K. S. (2019). Positive Organizational Scholarship and Agents of Change. In Research in Organizational Change and Development (Vol. 27, Issue 3, pp. 31–57). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0897-301620190000027004
Quinn, R. E., & Rohrbaugh, J. (1983). A Spatial Model of Effectiveness Criteria: Towards a Competing Values Approach to Organizational Analysis. Management Science, 29(3), 363–377. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.29.3.363
Ragaigne, A. (2021). Managing both the empowering and constraining effects of performance measurement: a levers of control perspective. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 22(4), 622–640. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-02-2020-0021
Rathnasekara, K., & Gooneratne, T. (2020). Levers of control, complementariness, tensions and budget use: a case study. Measuring Business Excellence, 24(3), 401–416. https://doi.org/10.1108/MBE-12-2019-0120
Reino, A., Rõigas, K., & Müürsepp, M. (2020). Connections between organisational culture and financial performance in Estonian service and production companies. Baltic Journal of Management, 15(3), 375–393. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-01-2019-0017
Simons, R. (1995). Levers of Control: How Managers Use Innovative Control Systems to Drive Strategic Renewal. In Academy of Management Executive (Vol. 9, Issue 2). Harvard Business Press.
Zhuang, X., & Duan, J. (2023). Under rising environmental uncertainty Chinese enterprises pursue fame or profits? Evidence from corporate social responsibility and financial investment. International Journal of Emerging Markets. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-04-2022-0639

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Lativa Lativa, Regina Jansen Arsjah