Keywords
How to Cite
Share
- Abstract 26
- PDF (English) 12
Abstract
This study investigates Indonesia’s bureaucratic redesign as a strategic response to enhance public service effectiveness in the post-decentralization and post-pandemic era. Drawing on a qualitative approach and literature-based analysis, the research explores four interrelated dimensions: organizational structure reform, digital transformation (SPBE), adaptive work culture, and post-pandemic governance strategies. Findings indicate that while regulatory frameworks such as PermenPAN-RB No.?28/2019 and SPBE initiatives provide formal direction, their implementation is shaped by institutional capacity, cultural alignment, and leadership commitment. Structural reforms often fall short due to insufficient capacity-building and performance incentives, while digital initiatives reveal spatial inequality and interoperability challenges. The adoption of adaptive cultural values, notably through the BerAKHLAK framework, shows promise but remains uneven. Similarly, hybrid service models introduced during the pandemic highlight Indonesia’s strategic responsiveness, yet their impact varies across regions. The study offers a synthesized analysis combining empirical findings and theoretical insights, emphasizing the need for coherent, context-sensitive reforms that integrate structural, digital, and cultural components. This research contributes to public administration scholarship by reframing bureaucratic transformation as both a technical and political process requiring iterative adaptation, inclusive governance, and long-term institutional learning.
References
Afrilia, U. A., Asy’Ary, A. P. M. H., Muhdiarta, U., Mayasari, Y., & Anangkota, M. (2024). Transforming Public Services: the Role of Digital Innovation in Indonesian Municipal Governance. VISIONER : Jurnal Pemerintahan Daerah Di Indonesia, 16(1), 60–70. https://doi.org/10.54783/jv.v16i1.1043
Andrews, M., Pritchett, L., & Woolcock, M. (2017). Building State Capability. Oxford University PressOxford. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198747482.001.0001
Beetham, D. (1996). Bureaucracy. Open University Press.
Berman, S. (2007). Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Perspectives on Politics, 5(1), 187–188. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592707070491
Booth, W. C., Colomb, G. G., & Williams, J. M. (1997). The Craft of Research. College Composition and Communication, 48(1), 127. https://doi.org/10.2307/358777
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Brumadyadisty, G. (2025). Implementation of Core Values “BerAKHLAK” In Improving Professionalism and Performance of State Civil Apparatus. Journal of Business Management and Economic Development, 3(01), 216–235. https://doi.org/10.59653/jbmed.v3i01.1351
Bryson, J. M., Crosby, B. C., & Bloomberg, L. (2014). Public Value Governance: Moving Beyond Traditional Public Administration and the New Public Management. Public Administration Review, 74(4), 445–456. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12238
Chandler, J. A. (2014). Comparative Public Administration. In J. A. Chandler (Ed.), Comparative Public Administration. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315771977
Christensen, T., & Lægreid, P. (2007). The Whole‐of‐Government Approach to Public Sector Reform. Public Administration Review, 67(6), 1059–1066. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00797.x
Christensen, T., Lægreid, P., Roness, P. G., & Røvik, K. A. (2007). Organization Theory and the Public Sector: Instrument, culture and myth. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203929216
CÔTÉ, M. (1999). Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector. Management International, 4(1), 59–60. https://doi.org/10.59876/a-r2tf-6anh
Denhardt, R. B., & Denhardt, J. V. (2000). The New Public Service: Serving Rather than Steering. Public Administration Review, 60(6), 549–559. https://doi.org/10.1111/0033-3352.00117
Deviana, R. B., & Hendarsjah, H. (2023). Enhancing Individual Positive Reaction to Organizational Change Through Transformational Leadership and Change Agent’s Credibility. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 14(2), 342–360. https://doi.org/10.18196/mb.v14i2.17741
Drechsler, W. (2005). The rise and demise of the new public management. Post-Autistic Economics Review, 33(14), 17–28.
Drysdale, P., & Willis, S. (2014). International Institutions and the Rise of Asia. Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies, 1(3), 455–469. https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.47
Dwi Pranaputra, R., Sobandi, A., & Hadi Senen, S. (2024). The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Public Service Performance Moderated by Core Values BerAKHLAK in the Bogor City Government. Dinasti International Journal of Education Management And Social Science, 6(2), 1258–1269. https://doi.org/10.38035/dijemss.v6i2.3574
Dwiyanto, A. (2006). Reformasi Birokrasi Publik di Indonesia. Gadjah Mada University Press.
Faedlulloh, D., & Yulianto, Y. (2023). Model for Post-Pandemic Bureaucracy in Indonesia: Is Post-Bureaucracy Relevant? Jurnal Borneo Administrator, 19(3), 221–236. https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v19i3.1228
Gil-Garcia, J. R. (2013). Enacting Electronic Government Success. An Integrative Study of Government-wide Websites, Organizational Capabilities, and Institutions, by R. Gil-Garcia, ed.,. Information Polity, 18(2), 193–195. https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-130306
Grafton, C. (2006). Book Review: Implementing and Managing eGovernment: An International Text. Social Science Computer Review, 24(3), 389–391. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439306287246
GSMA. (2023). Indonesia must accelerate delivery of digital strategy to achieve government’s top 10 global economy by 2030 ambitions, says GSMA report. https://www.gsma.com/newsroom/press-release/indonesia-must-accelerate-delivery-of-digital-strategy-to-achieve-governments-top-10-global-economy-by-2030-ambitions-says-gsma-report/
Hood, C. (1991). a Public Management for All Seasons? Public Administration, 69(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.1991.tb00779.x
Hughes, O. E. (2018). Public Management and Administration. In Public Management and Administration. Macmillan Education UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56010-0
Hussain, S. T., Lei, S., Akram, T., Haider, M. J., Hussain, S. H., & Ali, M. (2018). Kurt Lewin’s change model: A critical review of the role of leadership and employee involvement in organizational change. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 3(3), 123–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2016.07.002
Indrajit, R. E. (2006). Electronic Government : Strategi Pembangunan dan Pengembangan Sistem Pelayanan Berbasis Teknologi Digital. Penerbit Andi.
Jamaluddin, Y., & Hussein Maruapey, M. (2024, March 19). Public Participation in Basic Services In Indonesia. IAPA 2023 Annual International Conference. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i7.15522
Kementerian Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi. (2024). Kementerian PANRB umumkan hasil evaluasi SPBE tahun 2023. https://www.menpan.go.id/site/berita-terkini/kementerian-panrb-umumkan-hasil-evaluasi-spbe-tahun-2023
Khairudin, K., & Wiyarni, W. (2023). The Effectiveness of the Equalizing Supervisory Positions to Functional Positions Using Assessment Center in the North Penajam Paser Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 13(02), 79–92. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2023.132006
Lembaga Administrasi Negara Republik Indonesia. (2022). Laporan Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah (LKjIP) Tahun 2022.
Lewin, K. (1947). Frontiers in Group Dynamics. Human Relations, 1(1), 5–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872674700100103
Mansuri, G., & Rao, V. (2013). Localizing Development. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8256-1
Maulana, A., Indriati, F., & Hidayah, K. (2022). Analysis of Bureaucratic Reform Through Delayering of Government Institutions in Indonesia. Jurnal Borneo Administrator, 18(2), 155–170. https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v18i2.1003
Mintzberg, H. (1994). Rise and fall of strategic planning. Simon and Schuster.
Moran, M. (2016). A government that worked better and cost less? evaluating three decades of reform and change in uk central government. Public Administration, 94(1), 282–284. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12232
Moynihan, D. P. (2006). Managing for Results in State Government: Evaluating a Decade of Reform. Public Administration Review, 66(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00557.x
Moynihan, D. P., & Landuyt, N. (2009). How Do Public Organizations Learn? Bridging Cultural and Structural Perspectives. Public Administration Review, 69(6), 1097–1105. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2009.02067.x
OECD. (2021). Public employment and management 2021: The future of the public service. OECD. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/2021/12/public-employment-and-management-2021_6a1fc237.html
Olsen, J. P. (2006). Maybe It Is Time to Rediscover Bureaucracy. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 16(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mui027
Ombudsman Republik Indonesia. (2021). Laporan Tahunan Ombudsman Republik Indonesia Tahun 2021.
Organisation for Economic Co‑operation and Development. (2023). The digital transformation of Norway’s public sector.
Parsons, G. T. (2023). Forging a resilient digital Indonesia: A path toward inclusive and sustainable growth. G&T Perspectives. https://www.gtperspectives.com/2023/12/forging-resilient-digital-indonesia.html
Pollitt, C., & Bouckaert, G. (2011). Public Management Reform: a Comparative Analysis: New Public Management, Governance, and the Neo-Weberian State. Oxford University Press.
Prasojo, E., Putri, M., & Hariyati, D. (2021). Unfreezing without Refreezing Change Management: Dilemmatic Roles of Agents in Succeeding the Bureaucracy Reform. Otoritas : Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 11(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.26618/ojip.v11i1.4694
Salomo, R. V., & Rahmayanti, K. P. (2023). Progress and Institutional Challenges on Local Governments Performance Accountability System Reform in Indonesia. Sage Open, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231196659
Schulze, G. G., & Sjahrir, B. S. (2014). Decentralization, governance and public service delivery. In H. Hill (Ed.), Regional Dynamics in a Decentralized Indonesia (pp. 186–207). ISEAS Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814519175-015
Setiawan, A., Tjiptoherijanto, P., Mahi, B. R., & Khoirunurrofik, K. (2022). The Impact of Local Government Capacity on Public Service Delivery: Lessons Learned from Decentralized Indonesia. Economies, 10(12), 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10120323
Sipayung, N., Sumaryadi, I. N., Daraba, D., & Lukman, S. (2022). The Policy Implementation of Simplification Bureaucracy For Performance Improvement In The Ministry of Administrative And Bureaucratic Reform. Devotion : Journal of Research and Community Service, 3(13), 2433–2448. https://doi.org/10.36418/dev.v3i13.295
Syaefudin, R. A. (2020). Working From Home Policy for Indonesian Civil Servants During Coronavirus Disease Pandemic. Spirit Publik: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 15(2), 167. https://doi.org/10.20961/sp.v15i2.41394
Turner, M., Prasojo, E., & Sumarwono, R. (2022). The challenge of reforming big bureaucracy in Indonesia. Policy Studies, 43(2), 333–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2019.1708301
Weber, M. (1947). The Theory of Social and Economic Organizations. Free Press.
Widianingsih, I., & Morrell, E. (2007). Participatory planning in Indonesia. Policy Studies, 28(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442870601121320
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mujahidin Mujahidin, Fanila Kasmita Kusuma